The Portuguese presence also increased, while the Ottomans began to push into what is now Eritrea, creating the Habesh Eyalet. The Oromo people were able to expand into the highlands, conquering both the Adal Sultanate and Abyssinia. By 1543, Abyssinia had recaptured lost territory but the war had weakened both sides. In 1529, the Adal Sultanate attempted to conquer Abyssinia and met initial success the Adal were supplied by the Ottomans while Abyssinia received Portuguese reinforcements. Portuguese missionaries arrived at this time. During the early Solomonic period, Ethiopia went through military reforms and imperial expansion that made it dominate the Horn of Africa. The Aksumites gave way to the Zagwe Dynasty, who established a new capital at Lalibela before giving way to the Solomonic Dynasty in the 13th century. It eventually became isolated, its economy slumped and Aksum's commercial domination of the region ended. The Aksumite empire fell into decline with the rise of Islam in the Arabian peninsula, which slowly shifted trade away from the Christian Aksum. Ezana's reign is also when the Aksumites first identified themselves as ' Ethiopians', and not long after, Philostorgius became the first foreign author to call the Aksumites Ethiopians. In the early fourth century, during the reign of Ezana, Christianity was declared the state religion. In the first century AD the Aksumite Kingdom rose to power in the Tigray Region with its capital at Aksum and grew into a major power on the Red Sea, subjugating Yemen and Meroe. One of the early kingdoms to rise to power in the territory was the kingdom of D'mt in the 10th century BC, which established its capital at Yeha. Due to migration and imperial expansion, it grew to include many other primarily Afro-Asiatic-speaking communities, including Amhara, Oromos, Somalis, Tigray, Afars, Sidama, Gurage, Agaw and Harari, among others. The Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinia) was first founded by Ethiopian people in the Ethiopian Highlands. The article covers the history of Ethiopia from its emergence as an empire under the Aksumites to its current form as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia as well as the history of other areas in what is now Ethiopia such as the Afar Triangle.

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